My aim is to investigate the rate of photosynthesis from a plant in water Essay Example

My point is to examine the pace of photosynthesis from a plant in water Essay Photosynthesis is a procedure wherein green plants utilize the vitality of light to change over carbon dioxide and water into glucose. This is the fundamental vitality hotspot for essentially all living beings. A side-effect of this procedure is oxygen on which all life forms depend. In the leaves and the green stems of plants is the place photosynthesis happens, inside specific cell structures called chloroplasts. The chloroplast is partitioned by layers into plate like compartments called thylakoids and implanted in the layers of these is chlorophyll, a light catching shade required for photosynthesis. The chloroplast traps light vitality and changes over it to concoction vitality then hydrogen particles help structure the glucose and afterward it is incorporated. Condition: Glucose + oxygen - carbon dioxide + water + vitality We will compose a custom article test on My point is to explore the pace of photosynthesis from a plant in water explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on My point is to examine the pace of photosynthesis from a plant in water explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on My point is to examine the pace of photosynthesis from a plant in water explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer CO H12O6 +6 O2 - 6 CO2 + H2O + ENERGY Constraining FACTORS: On the off chance that a plant is given a lot of daylight, carbon dioxide and water, the rate at which it can photosynthesise is its own capacity to ingest these materials and cause them to respond. Anyway frequently plants do no have boundless supplies of these materials, thus their pace of photosynthesis isn't as high as it may be. Daylight would influence it on the grounds that a plant can't photosynthesise in obscurity, it can do it gradually in diminish light, yet the higher the light power, the higher the pace of photosynthesising. At the point when it gets to its greatest rate, no additional measure of light will cause it to go any quicker. It is the equivalent with temperature. The higher the temperature, the quicker the rate. Carbon dioxide influences the pace of photosynthesis, in light of the fact that the more it is given the quicker it can go until it arrives at its greatest rate. Something else that influences the pace of photosynthesis is whether the stomata is open. On the off chance that it is shut, at that point photosynthesis cannot occur. It closes when the climate is excessively hot, to forestall water misfortune. Reasonable TESTING: It is imperative to ensure that this investigation is as reasonable as conceivable in light of the fact that we have to acquire results as precise as workable for it to be fruitful. To keep a reasonable test we have to keep a portion of the factors the equivalent, this implies ensuring that the light is the correct good ways from the bubbling cylinder each time we test and it doesnt move when we re-test it. We likewise need to attempt to ensure that the temperature of the water doesnt change during the test, this is the reason we are utilizing a thermometer. The exact opposite thing we have to do is check the air pockets that the plant will create precisely so as not to misunderstand the outcomes. We are additionally going to rehash each test multiple times with the goal that we dont get any accident results that will endanger our examination. One thing we need to consider while doing this investigation is that the air pockets will be various sizes and masses so it isn't workable for us to get a totally exact outcome. What we are doing is an unpleasant gauge. Expectation: I anticipate that as the light reductions as will the pace of photosynthesis. Gear: * light * plant * ruler * clasp * test tube * water * thermometer * stopwatch PLAN: First we passed out the space to ensure no other light meddled with our test, at that point we filled the test tube with water and set the plant inside it, pushing it to the base. At that point we settled on the separations that we were going to put the light from the plant. We utilized the clip to hold the test cylinder and afterward set the light 5cms away from it and turned it on. When we turned it on we began the stopwatch and we checked the quantity of air pockets that showed up for one moment, at that point we halted the stopwatch and recorded the outcomes in our outcomes table. We did this multiple times to ensure it was reasonable. At the point when we completed that length we moved the light ten cms from the test tube and did the analysis once more. Wellbeing: There are a couple of wellbeing decides that we expected to follow cautiously, to forestall genuine injury. The light, when turned on, could get hot, which could be perilous. Additionally the water may warm up from the extraordinary warmth from the light, so we should be mindful so as not to spill it as genuine injury could happen. Water and power don't blend so we must be cautious that our hands werent wet when turning the light on. RESULTS: 5 cm 15cm 25 cm 35 cm 45 cm first 60 41 20 15 13 (plant 1) second 52 43 32 25 19 third 67 39 26 5 1 first 35 39 24 17 16 (plant 2) second 32 29 21 17 9 third 69 61 35 26 13 first 52 30 22 21 10 (plant 3) second 50 31 20 18 11 third 47 29 19 11 2 Examination: From my outcomes I can see that my expectation was right, as the light power builds the pace of photosynthesis increments. A plant can't photosynthesise in obscurity, the more light it is exposed to, the quicker it can photosynthesise , as I clarified before in my experience information. On my diagram of the considerable number of results, there are a couple of clearly various outcomes, however none seem as though they were that unusual. In any case, when I put the different plants results into isolated diagrams it demonstrated that all the outcomes were totally unique, with the exception of the third one since all the lines, in spite of the fact that they were diminishing, they were all diminishing from various measures of air pockets to another trial of a similar plant. For instance, the third test on the subsequent plant: the quantity of air pockets at five cms from the light was 69 while the other two were 35 and 32. These strange outcomes will lopsided our normal, and it isnt an exceptionally reasonable trial of exactness. The main plant that had the most close to results to one another was the third plant, so in the event that we needed an all the more reasonable outcome we could simply average those up however then we wouldnt have a lot to contrast with. In the event that two out of three arrangements of results are dodgy, at that point this must mean there is a major issue with the manner in which we were doing our examination. From our arrived at the midpoint of diagram there is an undeniable example, the quantity of air pockets created by the plant starts of at a high number as a rule somewhere in the range of fifty and sixty and afterward diminishes consistently until it gets to twenty five cms from the light where then it despite everything diminishes except less steeply than previously. Assessment: Our analysis didnt go to well in light of the fact that in spite of the fact that we figured out how to monitor everything however much as could reasonably be expected, and we didnt get an enormous measure of monstrosity results, it still isnt an entirely dependable method of testing what we needed to discover as it is excessively fundamental. On the off chance that we needed to utilize a similar strategy however improve it we could include more individuals with the goal that we would have the option to check we had tallied the air pockets accurately. Additionally we would need to control the foundation light as it would meddle with the test, however we didnt have the methods for it this time. In view of every one of these issues the abnormal outcomes we got are probably going to be exactness issues when checking the air pockets. It isnt a reasonable test to have one individual tallying them all since they probably won't check appropriately, however a method of settling this is to ha ve a couple of individuals tallying with the goal that the outcomes would be progressively precise. The foundation lighting meddles in light of the fact that it adds to the pace of photosynthesis when we need to test from a specific light power. We figured out how to keep the temperature essentially the equivalent for the entire trial, it plunged somewhere in the range of 23c and 25c, so despite the fact that we did as most ideal as, if there was a method of keeping a steady level temperature it would make the test much progressively reasonable. A far superior method of improving this investigation would be under appropriately controlled conditions where we wouldnt need to depend on somebody tallying the air pockets, and we could utilize progressively solid apparatuses.

Is Childhood Behavior Better or Worse Than It Was Years Ago? Essay

Family life contrasted with a hundred years back is on the decrease. Everybody moves at a quick pace nowadays. My Father and Mother are attempting to keep up the home, while my sisters and my sibling are left to their own gadgets and there isn’t a meeting up to plunk down and convey in some capacity. There just doesn’t appear to be sufficient time in the day. Innovation has progressed such a great amount of contrasted with a hundred years prior, that we are well en route to fuel less vehicles and mechanical sidekicks. However, with trend setting innovation comes the additional obligations to keep up and search out different roads for even far move cutting edge innovations to help bolster the ways of life we have come familiar with. Is this at that point better than anyone might have expected when we were grateful just to have light and running water in the house? Instruction is by a wide margin preferable today over a hundred years back! The fields of learning have been opened up to young men and young ladies similarly to search out far more noteworthy prospects than were even believable a hundred years prior. However, with this benefit of learning has came a decrease in our instruction framework. The absence of sufficient instructors, the skyscraper in affront for power, only the absence of caring whether you learn or not has influenced our training framework. A hundred years back the idea of an advanced education was only a fantasy for most. In the event that you obtained a fifth grade perusing level you were doing acceptable. Learning was a benefit, but then today we give instruction around a role as on the off chance that it were a piece of clothing. While there has been such incredible walks in our would today contrasted with a hundred years prior, we have passed up the lighthearted, gratefulness, and energy about the things and others around us. We underestimate what we would have liked to have or even envisioned we could have years prior. In any case, presently in this age youngster conduct is a lot of more regrettable than it was years prior. Insolence for power figures. The deficiency lies with the guardians no doubt. We are advised to oblige our childrens passionate â€Å"needs† and that coperal puminshment is awful for them. Kids require consistent preparing, persistence and love †a large portion of todays guardians are excessively occupied or narrow minded to make this sort of speculation. On the off chance that kids are permitted to control and control their folks as in the portrayal over, the parent will be vulnerable to instruct that kid anything.

Building your Financial Life Spring Cleaning your Finances

Building your Financial Life Spring Cleaning your Finances Building your Financial Life: Spring Cleaning your Finances Building your Financial Life: Spring Cleaning your FinancesOppLoans Monthly Budget GuideIt’s as sure a sign of spring as Opening Dayâ€"with the first warm days of the year comes the urge to deep clean every nook and cranny of your home. But once you’ve washed the windows and KonMari-ed your closet, it’s time to turn your attention to a frequently overlooked spring cleaning projectâ€"the annual maintenance of your finances.Some cleaning tasks come with built-in reminders: If your kitchen floor crunches when you walk across the room, it’s time to vacuum. But too often, our most important money decisions are running on default settings. Life gets in the way, and the careful choices that you made a few years ago are left to gather dust.Whether your tax documents are still sitting in a pile on your desk, or you haven’t reviewed your retirement plan since Pluto was still a planet, have no fear. We will walk you through the seven key steps of a successful financial cleanup, from g etting paperwork under control to checking in on the most important aspects of your financial life.Spring Cleaning Task #1: Purge PaperworkAs Coach Taylor said on Friday Night Lights, “clear eyes, clear organizational systems, can’t lose” (or something like that).The first step to eliminating paper clutter is having less of it, to begin with. Save some trees and streamline your own personal environment by going paperless. Consider these common candidates for switching to paperless statements:Bank statements: Be sure you can access bank records for the last three years, in case of a tax audit.Pay stubs: Many employers utilize an online portal where you can access past pay stubs and W-2 forms.Utilities and city services: In addition to gas and electric utilities, many cities offer paperless billing for water/sewer bills and property taxes. While you’re on your city’s website, be sure to sign up for email alerts. Among the benefits of being an informed citizen, many municipal ities offer annual cleanup services such as yard waste pickup and bulk item disposal that can save you money on your other spring cleaning projects.Mortgage statementsInvestment and retirement accountsCredit card statementsNow that you have stemmed the influx of paper, it’s time to organize your existing paperwork. Below are general guidelines around which common financial records you should keep, and which ones are safe to toss.Tax returnsThe IRS recommends saving tax returns and any supporting documents for three years. If extenuating circumstances applyâ€"for example, if you failed to file a return or underreported incomeâ€"the IRS provides guidance here. Make sure to keep digital or paper copies of any associated W-2 and 1099 forms for as long as you keep the return itself.Medical billsKeep copies of paid medical bills for one year, or three years if you itemized medical expenses on your tax returns.ReceiptsFeel free to toss the receipt for the pack of gum you bought at the co nvenience store. Otherwise, plan to hold on to receipts for three months. For major purchases, keep your receipt for up to a year in case you need to make a return or use a warranty. You should also save receipts for anything you plan to itemize on your tax return.InsuranceKeep the paperwork for any active insurance policy; expired policies can be shredded.Mortgage and homeWhen you buy a home, you will need to save original copies of the closing statement and deed for as long as you own the property, and to retain documentation of a paid-off mortgage forever. In addition, consider keeping records of any major home improvement projects or purchases for your own reference or for future owners, particularly if those purchases include a warranty.AutomobileKeep your automobile title for as long as you own the vehicle, as well as records of any paid off car loans.Some documents, however, are with you for life, such as those involving major life events.Personal identityPlan to retain forev er any birth certificates, adoption certificates, passports (current and expired) for yourself and your family, as well as any marriage certificates or divorce decrees.Estate planningKeep fully executed original and digital copies of all estate planning documents, such as wills, revocable living trusts, medical directives, financial power of attorney designations, and any other instruments you have in place.Digital keysTo ensure security and accessibility, using a password management tool is a best practice for creating and storing your digital passwords, particularly for services providers who hold sensitive and personally identifying information. Write down a copy of your master password and store it with your important documents.You’ve done the hard work of paring down your financial paperwork to only the essentialsâ€"don’t stop now! For under $50, you can purchase a fire- and water-proof file safe for your home to secure and organize your most critical documents.Any paperwor k that you no longer need should be destroyed, especially if it contains any personal information (i.e. pretty much everything). If you don’t own a shredder, cities, libraries, or financial services providers often host shredding days, where you can bring in documents to be disposed of in bulk. Office supply stores will also shred sensitive documents for a fee. You can purchase inexpensive shredding scissors to help keep a handle on incoming paper.Spring Cleaning Task #2: Get Ready for Retirement‘Set it and forget it is a great strategy for Crock-Pot meal prep; less so for retirement. Your annual financial cleanup is the perfect time to reevaluate your retirement planning. Ask yourself some critical questions: Have you had a significant change in income since you last looked at your retirement funds? Have your retirement plans changed? What does your timeline look like, and do you need to move to more or less aggressive investments? Are you setting aside enough money to meet you r retirement goals?While you are reassessing your overall retirement picture, use this opportunity to take care of any housekeeping items. If you have funds sitting in an old 401(k), or a pool of money sitting in a savings account earmarked for retirement, now is the perfect time to move it to an IRA or another retirement account.Spring Cleaning Task #3: Do a Credit CheckWhile you’re checking off items on your spring cleaning list, don’t forget to also check your credit report for errors or suspicious activity. You are entitled to access a free annual credit report from each credit reporting bureau. If you have children, you can also check their credit, and may consider freezing their credit until they are of an age to use it to reduce the risk of fraud.Spring Cleaning Task #4: Update InsuranceLife moves quickly, and a lot can happen in a year. A crucial step in your financial cleanup is making sure that your insurance coverage still meets your needs.Are you tackling spring clea ning in your very first apartment? Make sure that you are covered with renter’s insurance. A newlywed or new parent? Now is the time to consider life insurance, or reevaluate your existing policy to make sure you have sufficient coverage. In addition, take a look at all of your current insurance policies to make sure that the correct beneficiaries are listed, and update if necessary.If you own your home, this is also the perfect time to review your homeowner’s insurance. Take an inventory of your assets and update your policy accordingly. For further protection, you can also take a video inventory of your home and upload it to cloud storage. The better your records of the contents of your home, the more likely you will be able to recoup your property in the event of a loss.Spring Cleaning Task #5: Make an Estate PlanNo one likes to talk about worst-case scenarios, but it is important to prepare for things you hope will never occur. Let this be your annual reminder to ensure that you and your family are protected.If you have already created your estate plan, think through any major life changes that have taken place since you last updated them. Marriage, divorce, or the birth of a child are common scenarios, but some other triggers that are not always considered include acquiring significant new assets such as property or an inheritance or moving to a new state.Spring Cleaning Task #6: Hunt for BargainsYou’re on a spring cleaning roll, so keep up the momentum! Invest some time in online research, make a few phone calls, and you can likely save yourself some cash going forward. When was the last time you shopped for services like car insurance or a cell phone plan? Maybe you’re ready to cut the cable cord and switch to streaming. Or save money on interest by refinancing your student loans, or negotiating a better interest rate with your credit card company. There are lots of options out there, and doing the legwork now means savings later.Spring Cleaning Task #7: Revisit your BudgetAs you read in our introductory budget guide, a budget is a living document that should be periodically reevaluated to make sure it still reflects your financial priorities. As you work your way through spring cleaning your finances, revisit your budget, paying particular attention to your big picture goals. Make any adjustments needed to accommodate the changes you made throughout this process.In truth, an annual review of your finances doesn’t necessarily have to be a spring cleaning task but can take place at any time of the year. What is critical is regularly checking in on your overall financial landscapeâ€"making informed decisions about where your money goes and ensuring every dollar is hard at work in helping you reach your goals.Do you have a question about budgeting? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  Instagram

The Utilitarian Art of the Mesolithic Age

Otherwise known as Middle Stone Age, the Mesolithic Age covered a brief span of around 2,000 years. While it served as an important bridge between the Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic Ages, the art of this period was, well, sort of boring. From this distance, its not nearly as fascinating as the discovery of (and innovations in) the art of the preceding era. And the art of the subsequent Neolithic era is exponentially diverse, besides being more well-preserved and offering us thousands of examples of itself, instead of a handful. Still, lets briefly cover the artistic events of the Mesolithic Age because, after all, its a distinct era from any other. Animal Husbandry During this period, most of the glacial ice in the Northern Hemisphere had retreated, leaving behind geography and climates familiar to us in the present day. Along with the glaciers, certain foods disappeared (the wooly mammoth, for example) and the migration patterns of others (reindeer) changed as well. People gradually adapted, assisted by the facts that more temperate weather and diverse edible plants were there to aid in survival. Since humans didnt have to live in caves or follow herds any longer, this era saw the beginnings of both settled communities and farming. The Mesolithic Age also saw the invention of the bow and arrow, pottery for food storage and the domestication of a few animals—either for food or, in the case of dogs, for help in the hunting of food. MesolithicArt Pottery was beginning to be produced at this time, though it was mostly utilitarian in design. In other words, a pot just needed to hold water or grain, not necessarily exist as a feast for the eyes. The artistic designs were mainly left up to later peoples to create. The portable statuary of the Upper Paleolithic was largely absent during the Mesolithic Age. This is likely a result of people settling down and no longer requiring art that could travel. Since the invention of the arrow had occurred, much of this periods carving time seems to have been spent knapping flint, obsidian and other minerals which lent themselves to sharp, pointy tips. The most interesting Mesolithic Age art that we know of consists of rock paintings. Similar in nature to the Paleolithic cave paintings, these moved out of doors to vertical cliffs or walls of natural rock, often semi-protected by outcroppings or overhangs. Though these rock paintings have been found in locations ranging from the far north in Europe to southern Africa, as well as elsewhere around the globe, the largest concentration of them exists in eastern Spains Levant. While no one can say with certainty, the theory exists that the paintings locations werent chosen at random. The spots may have held sacred, magical or religious significance. Very often, a rock painting exists within close proximity to a different, more suitable spot upon which to paint. Characteristics of Mesolithic Art Between the Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic eras, the biggest shift in painting occurred in the subject matter. Where cave paintings overwhelmingly depicted animals, rock paintings were usually of human groupings. The painted humans typically seem to be engaged in either hunting or rituals whose purposes have been lost to time. Far from being realistic, the humans shown in rock painting are highly stylized, rather like glorified stick figures. These humans look more like pictographs than pictures, and some historians feel they represent the primitive beginnings of writing (i.e.: hieroglyphs). Very often the groupings of figures are painted in repetitive patterns, which results in a nice sense of rhythm (even if were not sure what theyre meant to be doing, exactly).

Ursula K. LeGuins The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas Essay

Ursula K. LeGuins The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas Works Cited Not Included In The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas, Ursula K. LeGuin makes use of colorful descriptions and hypothetical situations to draw us into a surrealistic world that illustrates how unsympathetic society can be. LeGuins ambiguity of how the story will go is purposeful; she cunningly makes her case that each of us handles the undesirable aspects of the world we live in differently, and that ultimately, happiness is relative. As we explore this peculiar world of Omelas, we are prompted to ask ourselves, What do I think is the `perfect society? What is happiness to me?, and most importantly (to me), Would I walk away from Omelas? While we explore these†¦show more content†¦But we do not say the words of cheer much any more. ...All smiles have become archaic (1264). Why are the smiles archaic? This passage suggests the people of Omelas no longer know what happiness is, that happiness is more of an action that a reaction. As we contemplate this we can imagine oblivious smiling faces with staring, empty eyes. This notion festers in our side like a rotting sliver, creating an uncomfortable unease before we know what isnt right with Omelas, while we immerse ourselves in the opulent description of what seems to be the perfect utopian society. I do not know the rules and laws of their society, but I suspect that they were singularly few (1264) Here, LeGuin hands us the reins so that we might guide ourselves through Omelas, yet nudging us along by reminding us that [these] were not simple folk, not dulcet shepherds, noble savages, bland utopians (1264), they are ...mature, intelligent, passionate adults (1264) ....like us? Shall we have modern technology or not? If so, not as much that it ruins the perfection of this utopia. Suddenly the uneasy undertow comes full circle and washes us ashore as we are encouraged to amalgamate sexual desire and religion: I fear that Omelas so far strikes some of you as goody-goody. Smiles, bells, parades, horses, bleh. If so, please add an orgy. If an orgy would help, dont hesitate. Let us not, however, have temples from whichShow MoreRelated The Need for a Pariah Exposed in Those Who Walk Away From Omelas1043 Words   |  5 PagesThe Need for a Pariah Exposed in Those Who Walk Away From Omelas  Ã‚   Affirmative action is perhaps the political hot potato of the decade. Its divisiveness has escalated racial tensions all across the nation, in forums political and academic. It also creates problems on a daily basis for millions of Americans in the workforce, education, housing, and so forth. Affirmative action, by its very definition, uses discrimination to attempt to create equality. Its ultimate goal is to make everyoneRead MoreMy Strengths And Weaknesses Of The Foreign Environment That Is College971 Words   |  4 Pagesme, but being able to see what I did wrong and going back to correct these aspects really built up my eye for error. The meme analysis was our chance to evaluate similar pictures that we see and usually laugh at on social media. This assignment was one of my favorites because we were asked to analyze the memes ultimate purpose. The question â€Å"Why was it funny?† really could spark a debate. The amount of background knowledge needed to understand a meme may not be the first thing you think about when

A million dollars or a knighthood what would you choose and why Free Essays

I hardly hesitated for a second before deciding my answer to this question. I would choose the money every time. Not that I am a particularly greedy person or that I don’t appreciate the ability of a title to ensure a decent table in a restaurant or a better seat on a plane. We will write a custom essay sample on A million dollars or a knighthood: what would you choose and why? or any similar topic only for you Order Now But the latter only works if the other person is impressed by a title. Money is much more versatile. And it grows. With the proper advice and investments I could not only meet my own needs, but I could make even more money and so be able to help a wider number of good causes. Even if all I did was invest the money in a luxurious house I would be helping others because of the number of people involved – lawyers, estate agents, builders, garden designers etc. All this isn’t what I’d really do though. I would buy a mobile home and travel first before deciding where to settle. I would be able to do something really useful such as fund a new well in a remote village or buy animals and seeds for a third world agricultural project.   Many charities have a titled person as a sponsor, just because, in some cases at least, they think that a title on the headed notepaper will impress. I am still to be convinced. And if I wanted status I could always use a little of the money to buy an ancient title such as the ones advertised on the web site Noble Titles Their prices start from only  £2,000 and I would by far above any Sir and still have plenty of money in my pocket. Titles do not pay bills, not do they fill larders, ensure commonsense or anything else really worthwhile, though I do admit that money does not quite do all of those. The title Sir was often bestowed by a grateful sovereign on some brave hero. I am just not that brave and will settle for the money. Where do I sign? How to cite A million dollars or a knighthood: what would you choose and why?, Papers

Research Writing Memo free essay sample

In Moore v. City of Detroit, 252 Mich. App. 384, 652 N. W. 2d 688 (2002), the court held that an action for false imprisonment can be maintained without alleging a false arrest involving government law enforcement. The court reasoned that the employee was not actually confined or restrained for any significant period of time which is required in satisfying a false imprisonment claim. The court stated that even if the employee had been locked in some enclosure, the confinements were momentary and fleeting or too brief and therefore insufficient to satisfy false imprisonment. An arrest must be against the will of the person confined; a patron who voluntarily follows a store employee back into the store is not arrested. In Bruce v. Meijers Supermarkets INC. , 34 Mich. App. 352, 191 N. W. 2d 132 (1971), a customer was shopping at Meijer’s in Lansing Michigan. Customer places two pairs of panties in her cart and continues shopping. Customer then places both pairs of panties on a counter other than where she found them. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Writing Memo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Customer checked out with the cashier. Customer leaves the store. Unidentified man approaches the customer. Unidentified man asks customer where she put the unpaid for panties which the man had seen in her cart while in the store. Customer assumed that the unidentified man was an employee of the store. Unidentified man repeatedly asked customer to return to the store. Customer was feeling ill. Customer wanted to leave. Customer said her children would be coming home for lunch. Customer voluntarily opened her purse and her clothing to prove that she did not take the panties. Customer estimates that she had been questioned for approximately five minutes. Customer voluntarily follows the man back inside the store. Customer quickly finds the panties lying on the counter adjacent to the lingerie display. Customer leaves store without further ado. The court held that no arrest was made and false imprisonment cannot have occurred without an arrest. The court reasoned that nothing was being done to indicate that she was being taken into custody, or that she was being held for delivery to a peace officer to answer a criminal charge. Given what the unidentified man observed (customer placing the panties in her cart), entitled the unidentified man; acting as an agent of the owner, the right to question the customer. The customers’ voluntariness in following the man back into the store illustrates that her actions were carried out willingly amp; knowingly and shows no signs of manual seizure or coercion. Therefore the customer was not arrested. Like the customer in Bruce, Jane voluntarily followed the store clerk back into the store. However in our case, Jane had been purposely and knowingly coerced into her decision whereas the actions by the customer in Bruce were done willingly. For an arrest, there must be a manual seizure or its equivalent in some sort of personal coercion. Coercion means acting against the will of the customer. If there is no coercion, there is no arrest. The store clerk seized Jane’s dog (something of value), leaving Jane no choice but to follow. Unlike the case in Bruce, Jane’s actions were against her will and were therefore coerced. When a store employee detains something of value to a patron and the item detained is something a reasonable person would not leave without, the patron has been detained. In Clarke v. K Mart Corporation, 197 Mich. App. 541, 495 N. W. d 820 (1992), a customer and her two small children were shopping at K Mart in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Customer purchased a set of bed sheets among other things. The cashier accidentally rang up the sheets twice. Cashier set sheets aside and voided the second transaction. Cashier placed sheets into customers’ bag. The cashier supervisor observed only the sheets being placed in the customers’ bag. Cashier supervisor did not notice the sheets being rung up. Cashier supervisor along with another co-supervisor approached customer. Customer claims the co-supervisor snatched the bag out of her hand. Co-supervisor alleges he took the bag out of the customers shopping cart. The supervisors confiscate $250 worth of purchased goods and notify the customer that they will be performing a routine package check. Customer was detained for ten or fifteen minutes. Supervisors gave $10 to customer for her inconvenience. The court held that by confiscating the $250 worth of purchased goods; the customer had been coerced into staying inside the store for 10 or 15 minutes and was therefore detained. The court reasoned that if a store owner, without any privilege, purposely prevents a customer from leaving by means of taking something of value from the customer and that customer reasonably remains in the store solely for the valuables, than that customer has been confined and therefore detained. Similar to our case at hand, both Jane as well as the customer in Clarke had been confined through the detainment of personal valuables. In Clarke, the detainment of expensive bed sheets ($250) proved to be enough coercion to satisfy a confinement. In our case however, it was Jane’s dog that had been detained. Now, although it may be impossible to value the dog at any specific dollar amount, any patron willing to purchase a dog will most likely view the purchase as an investment rather than a burden. On the other hand, the defense will argue that owning a dog may be more of a liability than asset because maintaining a dog is expensive and by detaining the dog, Jane would be better off financially. The defense may have a valid argument, yet a dog is not an inanimate object; it is a pet. Accordingly, if a customer won’t leave without their bed sheets as in Clarke, than certainly a customer will not leave without there pet. Any reasonable patron understands that a dog is a living creature and has feelings just as humans do. Any reasonable dog owner can understand the impact a pet can have on a person’s life and thus love their pet as if it were their own child. Obviously, it would be unconscionable to think that a reasonable person would leave their dog behind; they would act as Jane did. Jane’s decision to go back into the store was clearly against her will and was therefore coerced. An arrest can be affected either through physical constraint or personal coercion that is the equivalent of physical constraint. In Tumbarella v. Kroger Co. , 85 Mich. App. 482, 271 N. W. 2d 284 (1978), two police officers approached a customer who was also an employee for the store. The security officers asked customer where the money was. Customer indicated that she did not know what they were talking about. Officers then made menacing gestures toward the customer. Customer felt as if she was taken in custody. The officers’ threatened the customer with prosecution and jail. Customer felt restricted in her freedom both expressly and impliedly. The court held that the customer may seek nominal damages even if the officers had probable cause to believe the customer stole money from the store. The court reasoned that even if a shopkeeper suspects a person of taking without permission, the customers shoplifting does not give the shopkeeper the absolute privilege to detain the suspected shoplifter.